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James Farmer. In 1942 he cofounded CORE, which originated integrated bus trips through the South, called Freedom Rides, to challenge local efforts to block the desegregation of interstate busing. Farmer, who sought racial justice by means of nonviolence, was often a target of racial violence himself.

James Farmer, A Pioneer In Civil Rights Movement. James Leonard Farmer Jr. was a civil rights activist and leader in the American Civil Rights Movement. He pushed for nonviolent protest against segregation alongside Martin Luther King Jr. To embed this piece of audio in your site, please use this code:

Farmer worked on launching the Freedom Rides with the intention of challenging segregation on intestate bus travel, which had technically been declared illegal in 1946 and which CORE had taken action upon previously. The Freedom Riders consisted of both women and men, black and white, who traveled on bus routes through Southern states.

In 1942, Farmer organized the Congress of Racial Equality in Chicago. A decade before the civil rights movement made headlines, CORE followed Gandhian principles of nonviolent direct action, to fight racial discrimination in local businesses. In 1961, CORE organized the Freedom Rides to desegregate bus travel.